Evaporator



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June 8 1926.

l rial in a thin "cylindrical filniupon the in- YPatented June 8, 1926,

UNITED 'STATES imirvrIir` J, xnmyrnnjor nvANs'IoN, ILLINOIS;

Evarona'ron.

Application flied namhaaliezc. sei-iai No. 700,508..

This invention relates to improvements liquids. g y

One of the objects of the invention is toV increasefthe efficiency lof evaporators, con--` densersrand the like.

Another object is to increase the capacity or Working factor Vof such devices to the end that a machine of a given internal ,vol-y ume'or surface has a larger vevaporating and condensingcapability than machines in which my invention is not present.

A further` object is to provide a new method of procedure in Which centrifugal actionis utilized for bringing the 'liquid or matter acted upon into more intimate Aprox,- imity with the more effective parts of the 'heating agent.

A still further object is to provide a machine which' is self-cleaning.

' 'A further object is to provide a device 'of this character in Which the enti-re container is readily removable and replaceable and which,'in form, is a pipe of standar-d size r and shape.

Other objects, advantages and benefits: will become readily 'apparent lfrom'a con-l v sideraton of the followingdescription When taken in conjunction With the accompanying drawing, Whereinzi l lFig. 1 shovvsan elevation of the device centrally broken in two to indicateV an in-l definite length.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged axial section of one` form of device embodying my invention.

In both views the 'same reference characters are employed tofindicate correspoi'id-v ing parts.

They gist of the invention consists in ro` :Y tatin'g the substance to be dehydrated, when the device is used'as an evaporator, in ya container and Yabout a substantially yverticalV wall thereof by effect of gravity so that' all ofthe heated surface of the container Will have been traversed' by the' moving material which is impacted on the'wall thereof ina l relatively thin mass 'or cover.

Spreading out and maintaining theV mate-V side surface ofthe inner chamber l() subtliejresistance to ebullition due to the effect in method of and machine forevaporating of hydrostatic head. yIn the operation of the device the eb'ullitioii from the thinl cyvin rotating the heating agent ina jacket .l about said receptacle by effect kof which the more ponderable constituents of said agent,

suoli as moisture or more or less saturated Y steam, Which has parted With latent heat,y

is thrown against the outer Wall' of :the jacket, leaving the outer .surface of the container for Y-direct contact by the steam Without the intervention of a iilm' of insulating moisture which would be presentv if'it had not been ydisplaced by centrifugal action. Asthe steam gives up its latent heat to the -contents of vthe container, itis condensed the inner surface of the outer Walljo-f sai'dl Y f Jacket, thereby automatically bringingfand iiiaintainingthe more effectiveY part ofthe heating agent always vin more intimate proximity With'the material being treated. Another novel characteristic of theinvention consists in utilizing the'effect of 'centrifugal action .for depositing the material to be dehydrated v'upon the inner Wall 'of the container When it is fifi'stpintroduced into the container;

Another feature of` advantage, due to the Y lrotation of the two concentric 'containers-,- f g ',thatfwould otherwise coat and 'cover' the Y lies in the factA that the fheat'insulating filmV wallsurface ofthe containers, and" which is'more 'or flessfof'an'insulating nature is wiped off, displaced or lprevented by the' `relative rotatable movement of said material are enclosed.

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orl materials and-the surfaces of thevvalls of the containers, wvithin Whichfsaidmaterials I have shown one embodiment ofthe in`V ventionv vvhich has given very satisfactory results,'vvhen used as anevaporatorjor condenser.k There may be changes required,V such as variation of the proportionsv andV configuration of the parts to meet the necessities imposed by'the/characterv of material 'tof be treated.

The physicalstructure coiisists'of a suitable base 5 upon which the' machine lis 'mounted lFour rods 6 are erected upon the base. Secured to the rods 6 are' arms 7 which support the bottom member 8 of the machine. Tor this member is connected the discharge conduit (not shown), through which the relatively dry material is to be conducted away from the machine.

A cylinder 10, to be rotated, is suspended in the member 8. A gland9 and packing ring 11 provide a tight joint that permits the cylinder to be rotated.

A pulley 12 is secured to the lower end ofthe cylinder, by means of which thev cylinder may be belt-driven. The cylinder may, however, be driven by aY rope drive, friction drive, gearing or other suitable means. e

A ring 13 is supported on the'four posts 6 by arms 14 and constitutes the fixed ring of a ball bearing upon which the cylinder 10 is supported. Another cooperating ring 15, fixed to the cylinder 10, constitutes the other ball bearing member, and the balls 16, which may be rollers, if desired, afford the friction reducing bearing.

The cylinder l0 is open at both ends and may consist of a standard piece of smooth pipe. I have found a pipe fourteen inches in diameter and twelve or fourteen feet long to answer the Vpurpose admirably.

A jacket, consisting of another pipe 17, spaced Yfrom the inner container pipe 10 and preferably concentric therewith is closed at both of its ends in a suitable manner. ln thel drawings it is shown to be contracted at its ends and welded to the inner pipe at 18. Between the pipes or cylinders 10 and 18 the heating agent is to be contained. The rods 6 support at their upper ends a head 20, by flanges 19, collars 21 and nuts 22.

The head 20 carries a wearing ring 23 which Apreferably an inverted skirt 27 to provide a receptacle to contain water which improves the seal and serves as an indicater'to show when a gland needs tightening.

The head 20V has a central opening 28 closedrby a plate 29 thru'which a steam pipe. SOpasses. A gland 31 is threaded in therhub 82 rising from the plate and contains a packing ring 33.

The steam pipe 30 is connected with the annular heat chamber 34, located Abetween the cylinder 10 and the jacket 17. For convenience the/steam pipe is separable into two sections by theunion 35. A condensate pipe 86 is connected to the lower end vof the annular chamber 84 and passes out thru the opening closed by the gland 37 and the packing ring 38. Y

It is now obvious that the cylinders 10 and 17 may be rotated without disturbance ducedinto the evaporator, thelatter is ro- Y tated with steam in the steam chamber 34. The dischargeffrom the pipe 41 is received on the outturned rflange 40-, by which itis thrown off by centrifugal action to the inner surface of the cylinder 10. The greater centrifugal action, due to the larger diameter of the cylinder, will cause it to cleave to the inner surface thereof and the effect of gravity causes it to gradually move toward the bottom of the cylinder into the i lower head 10 from which it may be suitably trapped or otherwise discharged.

rvEhe lag of the material and the effectofy gravity causes the material being treated to traverse the entire inner surface of the cylinder v10 and to be held forcibly in contact therewith.

The centrifugal effect causes the more ponderable portions of the steam, waterfor vapor, to be thrown outwardly into intimate contact with the inner surface of the jacket cylinder 17, leaving space between the more potential portions and the inner cylinder for more direct contact.

lihe cylinder 10 is not to be lled with material undergoing treatment at any time.N

A film, entirely covering the inner surface of the cylinder 10 will subject a large surface to the heating effecty of the steam and to the liberation ofmoisture or vapor. j

rfhe speed-of rotation of the rotatable ele` ments of the machine, evaporator or con,

Y denser, may be varied and adjusted to determine the period of time which the material under treatmentwill remain in the evaporating chamber. Y

It will thus be seen that the 'evaporating orcondensing effect may be continuousfin operation and not intermittent, as heretofore, as the material is automatically introfrom the evaporating chamber.

.duced into the automatically discharged l It is further manifest that the material formed and disrupted at its relative eXtremiv ties; is at all times subjected directly to the great- It is also apparent that the material 1 est heat dispensing part of the steam without Y any intervening films of air or moisture which have insulatedv effects which reduce the efficiency of evaporators. I

Y action. Y

Should the interior of the cylinder bei come coated with the material which has been treated in the evaporator it may be easily cleaned by the automatic operation of the device.

To clean the device, sand, or a similar form of detergent, should be inserted thru the pipe 4:1, or by other means, upon the rotating Vcurved surface of the wheel 40. The centrifugal action Will cause it to .fly off and lodge in contact with the inner surface of the cylinder where it will remain by effectof centrifugal action and, gravitationally influenced, itV will gradually work towards the bottom end of thecylinder. The lag of the sand will serve to scour the inner vsurface of the cylinder 10 and remove all deposits therefrom. Hot or cold water may be admitted with the sand or othersolvents may be used as a cleansing agent in connection with or without the sand. Y

F or the purpose of cleaning, the speed of the cylinder may be varied. The faster the cylinder is rotated the longer time it requires'` for the material in contact with the inner surface of the cylinder to move axially to the bottom discharge end thereof, and the slower the cylinder is rotated the shorter period of time will be required to accomplish this result. Thisis due to the fact that in able therewith; means to rotate the cylinder the greater the centrifugal action the more tenaciously the material will adhere to the cylinder interior surface. Y

I/Vhere I have usedthe term evaporator in the claims for a clearvrdeiinition 0f the structure it is obvious that the word is not a limitation but a word of definition and where I have referred to lthe outside concentric space as a steam chamber it is manifest that other heat interchange agencies such as cold wat-er and the like may be used in the outer casing or jacketrwhen the content-s of the yinnerV chamber or cylinder require the presence of such an agency. f v

Having described my invention what I claim as newV and desire tov secure by Letters Patent, is y l. An evaporator comprising a vertical cylinder open .at both ends, to contain mayterial to be dehydrated; a jacket surrounding the cylinder to contain steam;means to rotate the cylinder and jacket and centrifugally operatinlg outwardly flared open annulus to deposit said material upon the inner surface of the cylinder. v y

2. An evaporator comprising a vertica cylinder open at both ends, to contain material to be dehydrated; a jacket surroundg the cylinder, to containsteam and rotatand jacket; a'` relatively stationary head at each end of the cylinder; means on the upper head to connect it to an exhaust pump; a 4packing between the ends of the cylinder and the respective heads; afriction reducing bearing to support the cylinder between said heads; and an annulus flared outwardly to project the material being operated upon into contact with the inner surface of Said cylinder.V f

. In'testimony whereof'I hereuntoset my hand. f Y

MARTIN J. KERMER. 

